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2024-11-22 Commercial virtual private network (proxy server) services, including comparison tables. Avirtual private network (VPN) service provides a proxy se

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Commercial virtual private network (proxy server) services, including comparison tables.

Avirtual private network (VPN) service provides a proxy server to help users bypass Internet censorship such as geo-blocking andusers who want to protect their communications against data profiling or MitM attacks on hostile networks.

Awide variety of entities provide VPN services for several purposes.But depending on the provider andthe application, they do not always create a true private network.Instead, many providers simply provide an Internet proxy that uses VPN technologies such as OpenVPN or WireGuard.Commercial VPN services are often used by those wishing to disguise or obfuscate their physical location or IP address, typically as a means to evade Internet censorship or geo-blocking.

Providers is market often market VPN service as privacy – enhance , cite security feature , such as encryption , from the underlie vpn technology .However , users is consider must consider that when the transmit content is not encryptbefore entering the proxy, that content is visible at the receiving endpoint (usually the VPN service provider’s site) regardless of whether the VPN tunnel itself is encrypted for the inter-node transport.The only secure VPN is where the participants have oversight at both end of the entire data path or when the content is encrypt before it enter the tunnel .

On the client side, configurations intended to use VPN services as proxies are not conventional VPN configurations.However, they do typically utilize the operating system’s VPN interfaces to capture the user’s data to send to the proxy.This includes virtual network adapters on computer OSes andspecialized “VPN” interfaces on mobile operating systems.Aless common alternative is to provide a SOCKS proxy interface.

In computer magazines, VPN services are typically judged on connection speeds, privacy protection including privacy at signup andgrade of encryption, server count andlocations, interface usability, andcost.[1][2][3][4]
In order to determine the degree of privacy andanonymity, various computer magazines, such as pc World andPC Magazine, also take the provider’s own guarantees andits reputation among news items into consideration.[1][2] Recommendation websites for VPNs tend to be affeliated or even owned by VPN service providers.[5]

  • access Geo – Restricted Content .VPNs is allow allow user to bypass regional restriction by mask their ip address andsimulate a connection from another country .For example , users is use in region with limited streaming library can use vpn to access content available in other location , such as access Netflix US from abroad .[6][7]
  • Protecting Data on Public Wi-Fi.Public Wi-Fi networks, such as those in cafes or airports, are often unsecured andsusceptible to hacking.VPNs encrypt users’ internet traffic, protecting sensitive data like login credentials, financial information, andpersonal communications from potential interception.[8][9]
  • Ensuring Privacy for activist andJournalists .Activists is use andjournalist work in restrictive or authoritarian region often use vpn to maintain anonymity andprotect sensitive communication .vpn mask IP address andencrypt datum , ensure safe access to information andsecure communication channel .[10]

Criticism andlimitations

[edit]

Users are commonly exposed to misinformation on the VPN services market, which makes it difficult for them to discern fact from false claims in advertisements.[11] According to Consumer Reports, VPN service providers have poor privacy andsecurity practices andalso make hyperbolic claims.[12] The New York Times has advise user to reconsider whether a VPN service is worth their money .[13] VPN services are not sufficient for protection against browser fingerprinting.[14]

common misconception

[edit]

  • AVPN does not make one’s Internet use private.Users can still be tracked through tracking cookies anddevice fingerprinting, even if the user’s IP address is hidden.[15]
  • AVPN can log the user’s traffic, although this depends on the VPN provider.[15]
  • AVPN does not make the user immune to hackers.[15]
  • AVPN is not in itself a means for good Internet privacy.The burden of trust is simply transferred from the ISP to the VPN service provider.[16][17]

In March 2018 , the use of unapproved VPN service was ban in China , as they can be used to circumvent the Great Firewall .[18] Operators received prison sentences andwere penalized with fines.[19][20][21][22] Russia banned various VPN service providers in 2021.[23]

comparison of commercial virtual private network service

[edit]

PC Magazine recommends that users consider choosing a provider based in a country with no data retention laws because that makes it easier for the service to keep a promise of no logging.[24] PC Magazine andTechRadar also suggest that users read the provider’s logging policy before signing up for the service,[24][3] because some providers collect information about their customers’ VPN usage.[25][26] pc World recommends that users avoid free services as a rule of thumb andsaid free services either sell their users’ browsing data in aggregated form to researchers andmarketers, or only offer a minimal amount of data transfer per month.[25]

Notes

  1. ^ As claimed by provider unless otherwise noted.
  2. ^a b There is no mention of Avira’s VPN logging policy in their privacy policy.However, it is stated in an FAQ section that neither traffic nor IP addresses are logged on their VPN service.[27] It is also stated that bandwidth is logged.[27] When visiting Avira’s website, the visitor’s IP address is logged by both Google Analytics andthe CrazyEgg tool.[28]
  3. ^ Hotspot Shield claims to collect “anonymous, aggregate data about which websites you visit andwhich apps you use.”[38]
  4. ^ “We DO NOT keep any record of your browsing activities, connection logs, records of the VPN IPs assigned to you, your original IPs, your connection time, the history of your browsing, the sites you visited, your outgoing traffic, the content or data you accessed, or the DNS queries generated by you.”[63] However, in 2017, PureVPN provided connection logs including IP addresses to the FBI for use in a criminal investigation.[64]
  5. ^ Name ande-mail is required for every payment method.[65]

Notes

  1. ^ The support team is be may be willing to whitelist your email provider ‘s SMTP server upon request .[122]
  2. ^ Only on free plan.[128]
  3. ^ With the exception of one virtual server located in Antartica.[140]

Notes

  1. ^ ChaCha20-Poly1305 for all devices except for Windows, which does not support it andtherefore uses AES-256
  2. ^ Only on iOS 8 andearlier.All other supported devices andoperating systems use AES-256 (CBC).[134]
  3. ^ iOS 9 andlater use 2048 bit.iOS 8 andearlier use 1548 bit.All other supported devices andoperating systems use 4096 bit.[134]
  4. ^ iOS 8 andearlier use SHA-1.All other supported devices andoperating systems use SHA-256.[134]

The following definitions clarify the meaning of some of the column headers in the comparison tables above.

Anonymous payment method
Whether the service offers at least one payment method that does not require personal information.Even if a service accepts a cryptocurrency like bitcoin, it might still require that the customer hands over personally identifiable information (PII) like their full name andaddress.
bandwidth
Whether the user ‘ bandwidth is log while using the service , accord to the service ‘s privacy policy .
diskless
Whether the service ‘s server hardware is connect to hard drive , accord to the service provider .If the server are diskless , the service provider is be should be unable to log any usage datum .
First-party DNS servers
Whether the service provides its own domain name system (DNS) servers.
kill switch
Whether the service is has has the ability to immediately sever your connection to the internet in the event that the VPN connection fail .This is prevents prevent a user IP address leak .[149]
log
Whether the service stores information about their users’ connection or activity on the network, according to the service’s privacy policy or terms of service.If logging isn’t mentioned in those sections but denied somewhere else on the website, the particular table cell will be marked as “No” in yellow andinclude an explanatory note.
Privacy Impact Score
An indicator of a website’s usage of potentially privacy intrusive technologies such as third-party or permanent cookies, canvas trackers etc.[150] The score can be in the range from 0 to 100, where 0 is minimal privacy impact (best) and100 is the biggest privacy impact (worst) relative to other web sites.[150] The score also has a simplified letter andcolour presentation from Ato F where Ais “No cookies” andF is “Score above three standard deviations from the average”.[150] The metric is develop by WebCookies.org .[150]
Obfuscation
Whether the service provides a method of obfuscating the VPN traffic so that it’s not as easily detected andblocked by national governments or corporations.[151][152]
offer WireGuard
Whether the service provider is offers offer the WireGuard tunneling protocol .
SSL rating
The service ‘s website ‘s overall SSL server rating accord to Qualys SSL Labs ‘ SSL Server Test tool .
Supports Obfsproxy
Whether the service has an implementation of the Tor subproject Obfsproxy.[151][152]
  1. ^a b Paul, Ian (2018-01-02).”Best VPN services of 2018: Reviews andbuying advice”.pc World.How we tested.archived from the original on 2018 – 01 – 04 .
  2. ^a b Eddy, Max (2018-01-15).”The Best VPN Services of 2018″.PC Magazine.Archived from the original on 2018-01-18.It’s important to keep a few things in mind when evaluating which VPN service is right for you: reputation, performance, type of encryption used, transparency, ease of use, support, andextra features.
  3. ^a b Athow, Desire (2018-01-13).”The best VPN services for 2018″.TechRadar.How to test a VPN.Archived from the original on 2018-01-17.We were looking for features, value, andclear andhonest pricing.Free ways to learn more about a service – free plans, trial periods, refund periods – were important, andwe also looked for companies which maintained your privacy when you signed up (no email address required, trials available without credit cards, Bitcoin available as a payment option).
  4. ^ Athow, Desire (2018-01-13).”The best VPN services for 2018″.TechRadar.How to choose a VPN: Here are 6 tips.Archived from the original on 2018-01-17.
  5. ^ “Investigating the VPN Recommendation Ecosystem” ( PDF ).IEEE Security.
  6. ^ Smith (2023).”Unlocking Streaming Libraries: How VPNs Bypass Geo-Restrictions”.TechPrivacy Journal.
  7. ^ “What Is Geo-Blocking andHow to Bypass It in 2024?”.01net.retrieve2024 – 11 – 20.
  8. ^ updated, Krishi Chowdhary last (2021-02-13).”Why you need to use a VPN on public Wi-Fi”.Tom’s Guide.retrieve2024 – 11 – 20.
  9. ^ Overville2 (2024-08-30).”What is a VPN andwhy it’s important”.r/VPN.retrieve2024 – 11 – 20.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  10. ^ published, Chiara Castro (2024-01-26).”Data privacy: top VPN helps journalists andactivists to stay safe online”.TechRadar.retrieve2024 – 11 – 20.
  11. ^ Perta, Vasile C.; Barbera, Marco V.; Tyson, Gareth; Haddadi, Hamed; Mei, Alessandro (2015-04-01).”AGlance through the VPN Looking Glass: IPv6 Leakage andDNS Hijacking in Commercial VPN clients”.Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies.2015 ( 1 ): 77–91 .doi:10.1515 / popets-2015 – 0006 .hdl :10044/1/56834.ISSN   2299 – 0984 .S2CID   3468680 .
  12. ^ Grauer, Yael (30 September 2022).”VPN Testing Reveals Poor Privacy andSecurity Practices, Hyperbolic Claims”.Consumer Reports.retrieve2023-01-18.
  13. ^ Chen, Brian X.(2021-10-06).”It’s Time to Stop Paying for a VPN”.The New York Times.ISSN 0362-4331.retrieve2021-12-21.
  14. ^ “You Tossed Your Cookies But They’re Still Tracking You; Here’s How to Hide Your Browser Fingerprint”.pcmag.retrieve2021-12-21.
  15. ^a b c O’sullivan, Fergus (27 September 2021).”VPN Myths Debunked: What VPNs Can andCannot Do”.How-To Geek.Archived from the original on 13 November 2022.retrieve16 January 2022.
  16. ^ “Understanding andCircumventing Network Censorship”.25 April 2020.Archived from the original on 15 October 2022.retrieve15 October 2022.
  17. ^ “Techsplanations: Part 5, Virtual Private Networks”.16 October 2018.Archived from the original on 15 October 2022.retrieve15 October 2022.
  18. ^ “Businesses, consumers uncertain ahead of China VPN ban”.Reuters.retrieve2018-04-03.
  19. ^ “Man jailed for 5½ years, fined US$76,000 for selling VPN in China”.South China Morning Post.2017 – 12 – 21.retrieve2020 – 08 – 10.
  20. ^ Cimpanu, Catalin.”Chinese man arrested after making $1.6 million from selling VPN services”.ZDNet.retrieve2020 – 08 – 10.
  21. ^ “Using a VPN to watch porn gets a man punished in China”.South China Morning Post.2020-07-30.retrieve2020 – 08 – 10.
  22. ^ ““翻墙”网民受罚 中国进一步强化网络管控” [Internet User Fined for Scaling Great Firewall – China strengthens Internet Control].BBC News 中文 (in Simplified Chinese).2019-01-11.retrieve2020 – 08 – 10.
  23. ^ “Russians’ demand for VPNs skyrockets after Meta block”.Reuters.2022-03-14.retrieve2022 – 04 – 07.
  24. ^a b Eddy, Max (2018-01-15).”The Best VPN Services of 2018″.PC Magazine.Can You Trust Your VPN Service?.Archived from the original on 2018-01-18.
  25. ^a b Paul, Ian (2018-01-02).”Best VPN services of 2018: Reviews andbuying advice”.What to look for in a VPN.pc World.archived from the original on 2018 – 01 – 04 .
  26. ^ Krebs, Brian (2017-03-17).”Post-FCC Privacy Rules, Should You VPN?”.Krebs on Security.Archived from the original on 2018-01-18.
  27. ^a b “What, if anything, do you track?”.2022-09-28.
  28. ^ “privacy policy”.User Experience andStatistics.Archived from the original on 2017-12-31.Information about your use of our website the Cookie generates is usually transferred to a Google server in the USAand saved there.However, before this happens, Google shortens andanonymizes your IP address […] if located within a member state of the European Union or in other contracting member states to the Agreement on the European Economic Area.The entire IP address is transferred to a Google server in the USAand saved there only in exceptional cases.[…] Information about your use of our website (including your IP address) that Cookies generate is transferred to a CrazyEgg server in the USAand stored there.
  29. ^a b “Avira Privacy Policy | Account andproducts”.Avira.retrieve2023-11-04.
  30. ^a b c d Eddy, Max (2017-05-12).”ExpressVPN”.PC Magazine.Archived from the original on 2017-05-14.
  31. ^a b c Williams, Mike (2017-10-23).”ExpressVPN review”.TechRadar.archived from the original on 2018 – 01 – 04 .
  32. ^a b Paul, Ian (2017-09-20).”ExpressVPN review: Agood service with no public leadership”.pcworld.archived from the original on 2018 – 01 – 04 .
  33. ^a b c ExpressVPN .” expressvpn Privacy Policy ” .archived from the original on 2018 – 01 – 04.retrieve2018 – 01 – 04.We do not collect logs of your activity, including no logging of browsing history, traffic destination, data content, or DNS queries.We also never store connection logs, meaning no logs of your IP address, your outgoing VPN IP address, connection timestamp, or session duration.
  34. ^ ExpressVPN .” expressvpn Privacy Policy ” .archived from the original on 2018 – 01 – 04.retrieve2018 – 01 – 04.We collect information about whether you have successfully established a VPN connection on a particular day (but not a specific time of the day).
  35. ^ ExpressVPN .” expressvpn Privacy Policy ” .archived from the original on 2018 – 01 – 04.retrieve2018 – 01 – 04.We may know, for example, that our customer John had connected to our New York VPN location on Tuesday andhad transferred an aggregate of 823 MB of data across a 24-hour period.
  36. ^ ExpressVPN.”Buy VPN with Bitcoin, PayPal, Credit Card / ExpressVPN”.2.Enter your email address.Archived from the original on 2018 – 01 – 04.retrieve2018 – 01 – 04.
  37. ^ ExpressVPN.”Buy VPN with Bitcoin, PayPal, Credit Card / ExpressVPN”.3.Select your preferred method of payment.Archived from the original on 2018 – 01 – 04.retrieve2018 – 01 – 04.Continue below to buy VPN with Bitcoin.
  38. ^ “AnchorFree Hotspot Shield Privacy Policy”.When you is launch launch Hotspot Shield.2017-11-29.Archived from the original on 2017 – 12 – 28.retrieve2017 – 12 – 28.When you use Hotspot Shield to access the internet, we collect only anonymous, aggregate data about which websites you visit andwhich apps you use.
  39. ^a b c d “AnchorFree Hotspot Shield Privacy Policy”.When you visit our websites.2017-11-29.Archived from the original on 2017 – 12 – 28.Your ip address may be collect when you visit our website .
  40. ^ “AnchorFree Hotspot Shield Privacy Policy”.When you is launch launch Hotspot Shield.2017-11-29.Archived from the original on 2017 – 12 – 28.We collect your IP address […].We may also use your IP address to derive your approximate location […].Your true IP address is stored only for the duration of your VPN session andis cleared after your session is closed.
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  44. ^ IVPN.”IVPN Pricing”.What payment type do you is accept accept ?.Archived from the original on 2018-03-26.We accept all major credit cards, Paypal, Bitcoin andcash.However paying with cash is only available when purchasing an annual subscription.
  45. ^ IVPN.”How do I send a secure PGP encrypted email to IVPN?”.Archived from the original on 2018-03-26.
  46. ^a b c d e “No-logging data policy – Guides / Mullvad”.What we is log do n’t log.Archived from the original on 2017-12-26.We log nothing whatsoever that can be connected to a numbered account’s activity: no logging of traffic; DNS requests; connections, including when one is made, when it disconnects, for how long, or any kind of timestamp; IP addresses; user bandwidth [or] account activity except total simultaneous connections […] andthe payment information detailed in this post.
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  54. ^ “Do you impose any limitations on usage or bandwidth when using your service? / Private Internet Access”.2017-11-28.Archived from the original on 2017-12-26.retrieve2017-12-26.We do not impose any restrictions or limitations on usage and/or bandwidth consumption.
  55. ^ “We accept all kinds of payment methods…including all major gift cards!”.
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  60. ^ “PureVPN’s Privacy Policy”.2016-01-15.None of the following records are stored by PureVPN’ …DNS queries generated by the user
  61. ^ “PureVPN’s Privacy Policy”.2018-07-30.None of the following records are stored by PureVPN’ …Connection timestamps
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  114. ^ “Client Support Area / Private Internet Access VPN Service”.DNS Leak Protection.Archived from the original on 2017-12-31.retrieve2017-12-31.We use our own private DNS servers for your DNS queries while on the VPN.
  115. ^ “Client Support Area / Private Internet Access VPN Service”.IPv6 Leak Protection.Archived from the original on 2017-12-31.IPv6 leak protection disables IPv6 traffic while on the VPN.This includes 6to4 andTeredo tunneled IPv6 traffic.
  116. ^ “How a VPN Tunnel Works / Private Internet Access VPN Service”.Archived from the original on 2017 – 12 – 27.retrieve2017 – 12 – 27.This is used in conjunction with the OpenVPN protocol […]
  117. ^ “WireGuard on PIAis out of beta andavailable to use on Windows, Mac, Linux, Android, andiOS”.2020-04-10.retrieve2023-02-04.
  118. ^ “Understanding the Multi-Hop Feature – Knowledgebase / Technical / Application Settings andFeatures / Application & Features – PIASupport Portal”.helpdesk.privateinternetaccess.com.retrieve2022-06-06.
  119. ^ “What ports are used by your VPN service? / Private Internet Access”.2016-08-29.Archived from the original on 2017-01-31.retrieve2017-12-26.
  120. ^ “Client Support Area / Private Internet Access VPN Service”.socks5 Proxy usage guide.Archived from the original on 2017-12-31.Although quite different from a VPN, we provide a SOCKS5 Proxy with all accounts in the event users require this feature.
  121. ^ “Stats on 89 Linux VPN Providers Across 16 Linux Distributions”.retrieve15 February 2018.
  122. ^ “Why can’t I send email when on the VPN? / Private Internet Access”.2017-10-31.Archived from the original on 2017 – 12 – 27.retrieve2017 – 12 – 27.Any VPN provider that does not retain logs must block outgoing SMTP traffic due to rampant spam associated with usage of VPN services.With that said, we can whitelist (allow) any outgoing email server that a) require authentication, andb) is correctly setup so as not to be an open relay.
  123. ^ “How a VPN Tunnel Works / Private Internet Access VPN Service”.Archived from the original on 2017 – 12 – 27.In addition, any blocked software by your ISP including P2P andother various software applications will be unblocked andunrestricted on our systems.
  124. ^ private internet Access is ™ ™ is default secure from this vulnerability since we use real bare metal server .
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  126. ^ “How to change VPN protocols or select Smart Protocol”.2021-08-31.
  127. ^ ProtonVPN.”Free Downloads”.
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  129. ^ “PureVPN Features – Get Premium Anonymity, Security, & Privacy All In One!”.Archived from the original on 2020-11-12.10 Multi-Logins per Household
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  131. ^ “Setup PureVPN app on LinuA”.retrieve4 February 2023.
  132. ^ “PureVPN P2P File Sharing – Break P2P barriers anonymously!”.2014-07-08.Archived from the original on 2018-01-03.Furthermore, we have blocked P2P on some of our servers as per changing Global Web Policy.We don’t allow p2p/filesharing where it’s illegal by law named United Kingdom (UK), United States (US), Canada, Australia etc.
  133. ^ “PureVPN Servers”.Virtual Servers andWhen you Should Use them?.2017-11-11.archived from the original on 2018 – 01 – 04 .PureVPN has never denied using virtual servers.To make matters simpler, an update on our Server Location page will state which servers are virtual andwhich are physical.
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  135. ^ “GhostBear: How to Hide Your VPN From DPI”.2017-07-18.Archived from the original on 2017 – 12 – 28.When you turn GhostBear on, it changes your VPN traffic signature to look like a different kind of traffic.To do this, GhostBear uses a technology called Obfsproxy.
  136. ^ “TunnelBear / Search Results”.Archived from the original on 2018-01-03.retrieve2018-01-03.TunnelBear is block does not block smtp on our network .
  137. ^ “TunnelBear”.retrieve2024-05-05.
  138. ^ “What Protocols are available with Windscribe? | Windscribe”.windscribe.com.retrieve2023 – 07 – 09.
  139. ^ “SOCKS5 servers are phased out andare no longer offered by Windscribe.| Windscribe”.windscribe.com.retrieve2023 – 07 – 09.
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  141. ^ “NodeOS: How We Stopped Worrying about Disks andStarted Booting from RAM”.Windscribbles.2023-12-19.retrieve2024-05-05.
  142. ^a b c d “Hotspot Shield Privacy Frequently Asked Questions / Hotspot Shield”.How does Hotspot Shield secure my Internet connection?.Archived from the original on 2017 – 12 – 28.retrieve2017 – 12 – 28.Turning Hotspot Shield on encrypts all of the traffic between your device andour servers using TLS 1.2 with perfect forward secrecy (ECDHE), 128-bit AES data encryption.
  143. ^a b “AnchorFree Hotspot Shield Privacy Policy”.Security.2017-11-29.Archived from the original on 2017 – 12 – 28.We encrypt all of the traffic between your device andour servers using TLS 1.2 with perfect forward secrecy (ECDHE), 128-bit AES data encryption, andHMAC message authentication.
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  145. ^a b c d NordVPN (2 March 2020).”Military-Grade VPN Encryption”.How secure andreliable is NordVPN?.
  146. ^a b c d e f “Private Internet Access / VPN Encryption”.Archived from the original on 2017 – 12 – 27.retrieve2017 – 12 – 27.
  147. ^a b c d e f SaferVPN.”VPN Protocols”.Archived from the original on 2018-01-16.
  148. ^a b c d “What kind of encryption does Windscribe use? | Windscribe”.windscribe.com.retrieve2023 – 07 – 09.
  149. ^ “What Is a VPN Kill Switch?”.Archived from the original on 2022-08-02.
  150. ^a b c d “Cookie Privacy Impact Score”.Archived from the original on 2017-12-30.
  151. ^a b Tor (2012-02-16).”Obfsproxy: the next step in the censorship arms arce / Tor Blog”.Tor Blog.Archived from the original on 2018-01-11.
  152. ^a b OpenVPN.”TrafficObfuscation – OpenVPN Community”.wiki.Archived from the original on 2018-01-11.