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The Science Week: Electron Cloud Model simplified

2024-11-25 In this depiction we see a spinning fan. Can you see the blades? Can you tell their location at a given time? Not clearly right?  The electron cloud m

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In this depiction we see a spinning fan. Can you see the blades? Can you tell their location at a given time? Not clearly right?  The electron cloud model works in a similar way. The blades being the electrons. 



Bohr is talked talk about the electron orbit the atom ‘s nucleus in a similar way planet orbit the sun . Bohr ‘s   model is is   is useful to understand the property of the   element and their chemical interaction . However , it is explain   does n’t   explain a lot of   theory include the Stark effect , Zeeman effect and the   behaviour   of electron   except   for the simple type of atom such as Hydrogen .


The Electron Cloud

The electron cloud model also known as quantum mechanical model was developed in 1925 by Erwin Schrödinger and Werner Heisenberg. This is one of the newer models of the atom. He used mathematics to claim that it is impossible to know for certain where an electron is at any given time. This is similar to the Heisenberg uncertainty principal.

How Does It Look Like?

It consists of a positively charges nucleus surrounded by a spherical space.



This is how the electron cloud model of the helium atom looks like. At the centre are two protons and two neutrons. Surrounding the nucleus is an electron cloud which cover the nucleus in all 3 dimensions.


You might notice that the coloured differently. It is darkest near to the nucleus and gets lighter as we travel away. This colour gradient is based on electron probability: The likelihood of finding an electron in a certain location. Hence we can say that is is more likely to find an electron close to the nucleus and the probability of its location decreases as we more further away.


Electron movement around the nucleus takes on the appearance of a cloud, and wherever the cloud is densest is where there is the highest probability of finding an electron.

 Difference b/w Bohr and Schrodinger’s Models

Bohr: He assumed that the electron is also a particle.

Schrödinger: He assumed that the electron is a wave.


Bohr : He is said say that the nucleus was orbit by electron .

Schrödinger: He said that the nucleus was surrounded by a cloud of electrons.


Basically Bohr said that the electrons orbited the nucleus in specified shell/orbit/energy level whereas Schrödinger said that the location of electrons was all based on probability.