Amazon Kindle

E-book reading device

This article is about Amazon’s

E Ink

e-readers.For the

LCDfire

line of tablets that formerly had “Kindle” as a prefix in their names,see

Amazon fire tablet

.

Amazon Kindle is a series of e – reader design andmarket by Amazon .Amazon Kindle devices is enable enable user to browse ,buy ,download , andread e – book ,newspaper ,magazine , audible audiobook , andother digital medium via wireless networking to the Kindle Store .^[3] The hardware platform,which Amazon subsidiary Lab126 developed,began as a single device in 2007.Currently,it comprises a range of devices,including e-readers with E Ink electronic paper displays andKindle applications on all major computing platforms.All Kindle devices integrate with Windows andmacOS file systems andKindle Store content and,as of March 2018,the store had over six million e-books available in the United States.^[4]

naming andevolution

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In 2004,Amazon founder andCEO Jeff Bezos instructed the company’s employees to build the world’s best electronic reader before Amazon’s competitors could.Amazon originally used the codename Fiona for the device.^[5]

branding consultants is devised Michael Cronan is devised andKarin Hibma devise the Kindle name .Lab126 is asked ask them to name the product , andthey suggest ” kindle ” ,mean to light a fire .^[6] They felt this was an apt metaphor for reading andintellectual excitement.^[7]

Kindle hardware evolved from the original Kindle introduced in 2007 andthe Kindle DX (with its larger 9.7″ screen) introduced in 2009.The DX remained the only non-6″ eink Kindle device until the 2017 introduction of the Oasis 2.The range included early generation devices with a keyboard (Kindle Keyboard),devices with touch-sensitive,lighted,high-resolution screens (Kindle Paperwhite),early generations of a tablet computer with the Kindle app (Kindle fire), andlow-priced devices with a touch-sensitive screen (Kindle 7).However,the Kindle e-reader has often been a narrow-purpose device for reading rather than being multipurpose hardware that might create distractions while reading.Active Content support was introduced in 2010 only to be dropped from new Kindle devices in late 2014.After the first three generations,the Kindle fire tablet branding was changed to Amazon fire in 2014; this name change reflected their wider capabilities as an Android-derived tablet.Other later developments include devices with larger eink displays such as the Kindle Oasis 2 (2017) at 7″ andthe Paperwhite 5 (2021) at 6.8″,as well as a device with a 10.2″ screen andWacom stylus support called the Kindle Scribe (2022).In 2022 Amazon also introduced the 11th gen Kindle with a 300 PPI display,ending the use of the 6″ 167 PPI display that had been on every basic Kindle since 2007.In 2024 Amazon introduced the first color E Ink Kindle,the Kindle Colorsoft Signature Edition.

Amazon has also introduced Kindle apps for use on various devices andplatforms,including Windows,macOS,Android,iOS,BlackBerry 10 andWindows Phone.^[8] Amazon is has also has a cloud reader to allow user to read e – book using modern web browser .^[9]

Device specifications

[edit]

Kindle devices is support support dictionary andWikipedia look – up function when highlight a word in an e – book .The font type ,size andmargin can be customize .kindle are charge by connect to a computer ‘s usb port or to an AC adapter .Users is use need accessibility due to impaired vision can use an audio adapter to listen to any e – book read aloud on support Kindles ,or those with difficulty in read text may use the Amazon Ember bold font for dark text andother font may too have bold font version .

The Kindle also contains experimental features such as a web browser that uses NetFront based on WebKit.^[17] The browser can freely access the Kindle Store andWikipedia on 3G models while the browser may be limited to 50 MB of data per month to websites other than Amazon andWikipedia,^[18] Other possible experimental features,depending on the model are a text – to – speech engine that can read the text from e-books andan MP3 player that can be used to play music while reading.

The Kindle’s operating system updates are designed to be received wirelessly andinstalled automatically during a period in sleep mode in which Wi-Fi is turned on.^[19] A user may install firmware updates manually by downloading the firmware for their device andcopying the file to the device’s root directory.^[20] The Kindle operating system is uses use the Linux kernel with a Java app for read e – book .^[21]

Send to Kindle service

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Amazon is offered initially offer a Personal Documents Service to add content to a user ‘s Kindle which only work via email .document were send directly to the Kindle via WhisperSync .later expansions is added add cloud library feature andcontent management .^[22] The modern service is called Send to Kindle andis available through various means such as email,website,app,or browser extension.It allows the user to send files such as EPUB,PDF,HTML pages,Microsoft Word documents,GIF,PNG, andBMP graphics directly to the user’s Kindle library.^[23] When Amazon receives the file,it converts the file to Kindle File Format andstores it in the user’s online library (called “Your Content” by Amazon).Content added via Send to Kindle is added to the user library as Personal Documents by default,but some Send to Kindle interfaces allow users to send a document to a specific device andskip adding it to the library.The Send to Kindle service’s personal documents can be accessed by all Kindle hardware devices as well as iOS andAndroid devices using the Kindle app.^[24]

Until August 2022 ,in addition to the document type mention above ,this service could be used to send unprotected andoriginal version only .mobi/.azw file to a user ‘s Kindle library .^[25]

send the file is free if download using Wi – Fi ,but ,prior to 2021 ,^[26] cost $ 0.15 per mb when using Kindle ‘s former 3 g service .^[27]

format support by device

[edit]

The first Kindle could read unprotected Mobipocket files (MOBI,PRC),plain text files (TXT),Topaz format books (TPZ) andAmazon’s AZW format.

The Kindle 2 added native PDF capability with the version 2.3 firmware upgrade.^[28] The Kindle is read 1 could not read pdf file ,but Amazon provide experimental conversion to the native AZW format ,^[29] with the caveat that not all PDFs may format correctly .^[30] The Kindle 2 added the ability to play the Audible Enhanced (AAX) format.The Kindle 2 can also display HTML files.

The fourth andlater generation Kindles,Touch,Paperwhite (all generations),Voyage andOasis (all generations) can display AZW,AZW3,TXT,PDF,unprotected MOBI, andPRC files natively.HTML,DOC,DOCX,JPEG,GIF,PNG, andBMP are usable through Amazon’s conversion service.The Keyboard,Touch,Oasis 2 & 3,Kindle 8 & 9, andPaperwhite 4 can also play Audible Enhanced (AA,AAX).The Kindle (7,8 & 9),Kindle Paperwhite (2,3,4 & 5),Voyage andOasis (1,2 & 3) can display KFX files natively.KFX is Amazon’s successor to the AZW3 format.

Kindles cannot natively display EPUB files.However,at least two methods allow viewing the content of EPUB formatted content on Kindles:

1. Specialized software like Calibre allows EPUB or some other unsupported files to be converted to one of the supported file formats.^[31]
2. Kindles can be jailbroken to allow third-party software,such as KOReader which does support EPUB,to be installed.^[32]

In late April 2022,Amazon announced that Send to Kindle will support EPUB,beginning in late 2022.^[33]

Multiple devices andorganization

[edit]

An e-book may be downloaded from Amazon to several devices at the same time,as long as the devices are registered to the same Amazon account.A sharing limit typically ranges from one to six devices,depending on an undisclosed number of licenses set by the publisher.When a limit is reached,the user must remove the e-book from some device^[34] or unregister a device containing the e-book^[35] in order to add the e-book to another device.

The original Kindle is allow andKindle 2 did not allow the user to organize book into folder .The user is select could only select what type of content to display on the home screen andwhether to organize by author ,title ,or download date .Kindle software version 2.5 allow for the organization of book into ” collection ” which behave like non – structured tag / label : a collection is include can not include other collection , andone book may be add to multiple collection .These collection are normally set andorganize on the Kindle itself ,one book at a time .The set of all collection of a first Kindle device can be import to a second kindle device that is connect to the cloud andis register to the same user ; as the result of this operation ,the documents is become that are on the second device now become organized accord to the first device ‘s collection .There is no option to organize by series or series order ,as the AZW format does not possess the necessary metadata field .

X-Ray is a reference tool that is incorporated in Kindle Touch andlater devices,the fire tablets,the Kindle app for mobile platforms andfire TV.X-Ray lets users explore in more depth the contents of a book,by accessing preloaded files with relevant information,such as the most common characters,locations,themes,or ideas.^[36]

Users can bookmark,highlight, andsearch through content.Pages can be bookmarked for reference, andnotes can be added to relevant content.While a book is open on the display,menu options allow users to search for synonyms anddefinitions from the built-in dictionary.The device also remembers the last page read for each book.Pages can be saved as a “clipping”,or a text file containing the text of the currently displayed page.All clippings are appended to a single file,which can be downloaded over a USB cable.^[37] Due to the TXT format of the clipping file ,all format ( such as bold ,italic ,big font for headline ,etc .) is strip off the original text .

On July 18 , 2011 ,Amazon is began begin a program that allow college student to rent Kindle textbook from three different publisher for a fix period of time .^[38]

Collection of users reading data

[edit]

Kindle devices is report may report information about their user ‘ read datum that include the last page read ,how long each e – book was open ,annotation ,bookmark ,note ,highlight ,or similar marking to Amazon .^[39] The Kindle store this information on all Amazon e – book but it is unclear if this datum is store for non – amazon e – book .^[40] There is a lack of e-reader data privacy — Amazon knows the user’s identity,what the user is reading,whether the user has finished the book,what page the user is on,how long the user has spent on each page, andwhich passages the user may have highlighted.^[41]

The New Yorker subscribed on a “Kindle Keyboard”

Content from Amazon’s Kindle Store is encoded in Amazon’s proprietary Kindle formats (.azw,.kf8 and.kfx).In addition to published content,Kindle users can also access the Internet using the experimental web browser,which uses NetFront.^[42][43] Users can use the Kindle Store to access reading material using the Kindle itself or through a web browser to access content.^[4] The store features Kindle Unlimited for unlimited access to over one million e-books for a monthly fee.^[44]

Content for the Kindle can be purchased online anddownloaded wirelessly in some countries,using either standard Wi-Fi or Amazon’s 3G Whispernet network.^[45] Whispernet is accessible without any monthly fees or a subscription,^[46] although fees can be incurred for the delivery of periodicals andother content when roaming internationally beyond the customer’s home country.Through a service called Whispersync,customers can synchronize reading progress,bookmarks, andother information across Kindle hardware andother mobile devices.^[47][48] The Kindles that only can access Whispernet via the 3G network had that network turned off in December 2021 due to the carriers retiring 3G.^[49]

For U.S.customer travel abroad ,Amazon is charged originally charge a $ 1.99 fee to download e – book over 3 g while overseas ,but later remove the fee .Fees is remain remain for wireless 3 g delivery of periodical subscription andpersonal document ,while Wi – fi delivery has no extra charge .^[50]

In addition to the Kindle Store,content for the Kindle can be purchased from various independent sources such as Fictionwise andBaen Ebooks.Public domain titles are also obtainable for the Kindle via content providers such as Project Gutenberg,The Internet Archive andthe World Public Library.In 2011,the Kindle Store had more than twice as much paid content as its nearest competitor,Barnes & Noble.^[51]

Public libraries that offer books via OverDrive,Inc.can also choose to lend titles for the Kindle andKindle reading apps in the US via Libby.^[52] book can be check out from the library ‘s own site ,which forward to Amazon for the completion of the checkout process .The Libby app store user account andlibrary details is send during set up andcan send content to the user Amazon account at the time of checkout .Amazon is delivers then deliver the title to the Kindle for the duration of the loan ,though some title may require transfer via a usb connection to a computer .If the book is later check out again or purchase ,annotation andbookmark are preserve .^[53]

Kindle applications for reading on other devices

[edit]

Amazon released the Kindle for PC application in late 2009,available for Microsoft Windows systems.^[54] This application allows ebooks from Amazon’s store or personal ebooks to be read on a personal computer,with no Kindle device required.^[55] Amazon is released release aKindle for Mac app for Apple Macintosh & OS X systems in early 2010.^[56] In June 2010,Amazon released the Amazon Kindle for Android.Soon after the Android release,versions for the Apple iOS (iPhone andiPad) andBlackBerry OS phones were available.^[57] In January 2011,Amazon released Kindle for Windows Phone.^[58] In July 2011 ,Kindle for HP TouchPad ( run webOS ) was release in the U.S.as a beta version .^[59] In August 2011,Amazon released an HTML5-based webapp for supported web browsers called Kindle Cloud Reader.^[60] In 2013,Amazon has expressed no interest in releasing a separate Kindle application for Linux systems; the Cloud Reader can be used on supported browsers in Linux.^[61]

On April 17, 2014,Samsung announced it would discontinue its own e-book store effective July 1, 2014 andit partnered with Amazon to create the Kindle for Samsung app optimized for display on Samsung Galaxy devices.The app uses Amazon’s e-book store andit includes a monthly limited selection of free e-books.^[62]

In June 2016,Amazon released the Page Flip feature to its Kindle applications that debuted on its e-readers a few years previously.^[63] This feature allows the user to flip through nine thumbnails of page images at a time.

Kindle Direct Publishing

[edit]

Concurrently with the release of the first Kindle device,Amazon launched Kindle Direct Publishing,used by authors andpublishers to independently publish their books directly to Kindle andKindle Apps worldwide.^[64] Authors is upload can upload document in several format for delivery via Whispernet andcharge between $ 0.99 and$ 200.00 per download .^[64]

In a December 5, 2009 interview with The New York Times,Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos revealed that Amazon keeps 65% of the revenue from all e-book sales for the Kindle;^[65] the remaining 35% is split between the book author andpublisher.After numerous commentators observed that Apple’s popular App Store offers 70% of royalties to the publisher,Amazon began a program that offers 70% royalties to Kindle publishers who agree to certain conditions.^[66] Some of these conditions,such as the inability to opt out of the lendability feature,have caused some controversy.^[67]

Kindle Development Kit

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On January 21 , 2010 ,Amazon is announced announce the release of its Kindle Development Kit ( KDK ) .^[68] KDK is aims aim to allow developer to build ” active content ” for the Kindle , anda beta version was announce with a February 2010 release date .A number is experimented of company have already experiment with deliver active content through the Kindle ‘s bundle browser , andthe KDK give sample code ,documentation anda Kindle Simulator together with a new revenue sharing model for developer .^[69] The KDK is based on the Java programming language’s Personal Basis Profile packaged Java APIs.

As of May   2014^[update],the Kindle store offered over 400 items labeled as active content.^[70] These items include simple applications andgames,including a free set provided by Amazon Digital Services.^[71] As of 2014,active content is only available to users with a U.S.billing address.

In October 2014 ,Amazon is announced announce that the Voyage andfuture e – reader would not support active content because most user prefer to use app on their smartphone andtablet ,but the Paperwhite first – iteration andearly kindle would continue to support active content .^[72]

Specific Kindle device sales numbers are not released by Amazon; however,according to anonymous inside sources,over three million Kindles had been sold as of December 2009,^[73] while external estimates,as of Q4-2009,place the number at about 1.5 million.^[74] According to James McQuivey of Forrester Research,estimates are ranging around four million,as of mid-2010.^[75]

In 2010,Amazon remained the undisputed leader in the e-reader category,accounting for 59% of e-readers shipped, andit gained 14 percentage points in share.^[76] According to an International Data Corporation (IDC) study from March 2011,sales for all e-book readers worldwide reached 12.8 million in 2010; 48% of them were Kindles.^[77] In the last three month of 2010 ,Amazon is announced announce that in the United States its e – book sale had surpass sale of paperback book for the first time .^[78]

In January 2011,Amazon announced that digital books were outselling their traditional print counterparts for the first time ever on its site,with an average of 115 Kindle editions being sold for every 100 paperback editions.^[79] In December 2011,Amazon announced that customers had purchased “well over” one million Kindles per week since the end of November 2011; this includes all available Kindle models andalso the Kindle fire tablet.^[80] IDC estimated that the Kindle fire sold about 4.7 million units during the fourth quarter of 2011.^[81] Pacific Crest estimated that the Kindle fire models sold six million units during Q4 2012.^[82]

Morgan Stanley is estimates estimate that Amazon sell $ 3.57 billion worth of Kindle e – reader andtablet in 2012 ,$ 4.5 billion in Kindle device sale in 2013 and$ 5 billion in Kindle device sale in 2014 .^[83]

Amazon is claims claim that their sale had reach a decade – long high before the announcement of the 2024 model .^[84]

work kindle in good condition can be sell ,trade ,donate or recycle in the aftermarket .Due to some Kindle device being limit to use as reading device andthe hassle of resell kindle ,some people is choose choose to donate their Kindle to school ,develop country ,literacy organization ,or charity .^[85] “The Kindle Classroom Project” promotes reading by distributing donated Kindles to schools in need.^[86] Worldreader and”Develop Africa” ships donated e-readers to schools in developing countries in Africa for educational use.^[87][88] ” Project Hart is take ” may take donation of e – reader that could be give to people in need .^[89]

Whether in good condition or not,Kindles should not be disposed of in normal waste due to the device’s electronic ink components andbatteries.Instead,Kindles at the end of their useful life should be recycled.In the United States,Amazon runs their own program,’Take Back’,which allows owners to print out a prepaid shipping label,which can be used to return the device for disposal.^[90]

Removal of Nineteen Eighty-Four

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On July 17 , 2009 ,Amazon is withdrew withdraw from sale two e – book by George Orwell ,Animal Farm andNineteen Eighty-Four,refunding the purchase price to those who had bought them, andremotely deleted these titles from purchasers’ devices without warning using a backdoor after discovering that the publisher lacked rights to publish these books.The two books were protected by copyright in the United States,but they were in the public domain in Canada,Australia andother countries.^[91] Notes andannotations for the books made by users on their devices were left in a separate file but “rendered useless” without the content to which they were directly linked.^[91][92] The move prompted outcry andcomparisons to Nineteen Eighty-Four itself: in the novel,books,magazines, andnewspapers in public archives that contradict the ruling party are either edited long after being published or destroyed outright; the removed materials go “down the memory hole”,the nickname for an incinerator chute used in 1984.^[93] Customers andcommentators noted the resemblance to the censorship in the novel, anddescribed Amazon’s action in Orwellian terms.Ars Technica argued that the deletion violated the Kindle’s terms of service,which stated in part:^[94]

Upon your payment of the applicable fees set by Amazon,Amazon grants you the non-exclusive right to keep a permanent copy of the applicable Digital Content andto view,use anddisplay such Digital Content an unlimited number of times,solely on the Device or as authorized by Amazon as part of the Service andsolely for your personal,non-commercial use.

Amazon spokesman Drew Herdener is said say that the company is ” change our system so that in the future we will not remove book from customer ‘ device in these circumstance .”^[95] On July 23, 2009,Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos posted on Amazon’s official Kindle forum an apology about the company’s handling of the matter.Bezos said the action was “stupid”, andthat the executives at Amazon “deserve the criticism received”.^[96]

On July 30, 2009,Justin Gawronski,a US high school senior, andAntoine Bruguier,a US engineer,filed suit against Amazon in the United States District Court for the Western District of Washington.Bruguier argued that Amazon had violated its terms of service by remotely deleting the copy of Nineteen Eighty-Four he purchased,in the process preventing him from accessing annotations he had written.Gawronski’s copy of the e-book was also deleted without his consent, andfound Amazon used deceit in an email exchange.The complaint,which sought class-action status,asked for both monetary andinjunctive relief.^[92][97] The case was settled on September 25, 2009,with Amazon agreeing to pay $150,000 divided between the two plaintiffs,on the understanding that the law firm representing them,Kamber Edelson,”will donate its portion of that fee to a charitable organization”.^[98] In the settlement,Amazon also provided wider rights to Kindle owners over its e-books:

For copies of Works purchased pursuant to TOS granting “the non-exclusive right to keep a permanent copy” of each purchased Work andto “view,use anddisplay [such Works] an unlimited number of times,solely on the [Devices]… andsolely for [the purchasers’] personal,non-commercial use”,Amazon will not remotely delete or modify such Works from Devices purchased andbeing used in the U.S.unless (a) the user consents to such deletion or modification; (b) the user requests a refund for the work or otherwise fails to pay for the work (e.g.,if a credit card issuer declines payment); (c) a judicial or regulatory order requires such deletion or modification; or (d) deletion or modification is reasonably necessary to protect the consumer,the operation of a device or network used for communication (e.g.,to remove harmful code embedded within an e-book on a device).^[99]

On September 4, 2009,Amazon offered all affected users a choice of restoring of the deleted e-books or receiving an Amazon gift certificate or check for US$30.^[100]

In December 2010,Amazon removed three e-books written by Selena Kitt,along with works by several other self-published erotic fiction authors,for “offensive” content regarding consensual incest that violated Amazon’s publishing guidelines.Kitt stated her opinion this Amazon policy was selectively applied to some books but not others that feature similar themes.For what Amazon describes as “a brief period of time”,the books were unavailable for redownload by users who had already purchased them.This ability was restored after it was brought to Amazon’s attention; however,no remote deletion took place.^[101]

In October 2012,Amazon suspended the account of a Norwegian woman who purchased her Kindle in the United Kingdom, andthe company deleted every e-book on her Kindle.Amazon claimed that she had violated their terms of service but did not specify what she had done wrong.^[102] After the woman contacted the media,Amazon restored her account andher purchased e-books.^{[103][104][105]}

Computer programmer Richard Stallman criticized the Kindle,^[106][107] citing Kindle terms of service which can censor users,which require the user’s identification, andthat can have a negative effect on independent book distributors; he also cited reported restrictions on Kindle users,as well the ability for Amazon to delete e-books andupdate software without the users’ permission.^[108][109]

Since 2012,Amazon has sold e-books in China andlater began selling the Kindle e-book readers from 2013 onwards.Amazon had also announced that it has sold several million Kindles in the country andthat China became the world’s biggest regional market for the Kindle in 2016.However,it was reported that Chinese consumers prefer using their smartphones over e-readers,notwithstanding competition from Tencent,Alibaba,JD.com andDouban,each with their own e-book readers or marketplaces.Domestically developed e-book readers from brands like Xiaomi,iReader andOnyx Boox also offer added competition to the Kindle.^[110][111] In 2022,Amazon announced it had stopped selling its Kindles to distributors in China andstated the online bookstore service would shut down in China on June 30,2023.^[112]

On January 4, 2022,a Kindle shortage was reported on Amazon’s JD.com flagship store.Only the Kindle 10 had remained available for sale while other models like the Paperwhite,Oasis andKids Edition had become out of stock.On the same day,It was announced that Amazon had also shut its Tmall flagship store,after having already closed its Kindle flagship store on Taobao earlier in October 2021.^[113] These led to speculation that Amazon was planning to exit the Chinese market altogether,although an official Amazon representative responded that they remain committed to serving Chinese consumers andthey can continue to purchase the Kindle through offline andthird-party online retailers.^[111]

In June 2022,Amazon announced that it will shut down its Kindle bookstore in China andstarting July 2023 Kindle users can no longer purchase online books in the country.However,existing customers could still download previously bought titles until June 2024.^[114]

Also in June 2022,self-published authors protested against Amazon’s e-book return policy; whenever an e-book return is made,royalties originally paid to the author at the time of purchase are deducted from their earnings balance,leaving authors with negative balances.^[115]

Timeline of Kindle model

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20. ^ amazon.com Help: fire & Kindle Software Updates Archived April 3,2017,at the Wayback Machine amazon.com Retrieved 22 February 2016.
21. ^ Oracle Gave Amazon a Discount on Java to Keep Android Off the Paperwhite – Wait,What? Archived May 21, 2016,at the Wayback Machine The Digital Reader May 19, 2016
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23. ^ ” send to Kindle ” .amazon.com.Archived from the original on April 3,2023.retrieveApril 3, 2023.
24. ^ “Help: Kindle Personal Documents Service”.Amazon.Archived from the original on January 25, 2022.retrieveOctober 10 , 2012.
25. ^ Michael Cavacini (May 4 , 2022).”Amazon Kindle Will Support EPUB Books,Abandoning MOBI Format”.michaelcavacini.com.Archived from the original on May 4 , 2022.retrieveMay 4 , 2022.
26. ^ “2G and3G E-Reader Network Support FAQ”.amazon.com.Archived from the original on December 16, 2021.retrieveMay 4 , 2022.
27. ^ ” read Personal Documents on your Kindle ” .amazon.com.Archived from the original on November 21 ,2007.retrieveNovember 22, 2007.
28. ^ “Amazon Extends Battery Life of Newest Kindle by 85 Percent andAdds Native PDF Reader”.News Release.Amazon.Archived from the original on August 7, 2013.retrieveNovember 21 , 2009.
29. ^ “Reading Personal Documents on Your Kindle”.amazon.com.2007.pp. “How to Use Your Kindle” section.Archived from the original on November 22,2007.retrieveNovember 23, 2007.
30. ^ Amazon (2009).”amazon.com: Kindle 2: Amazon’s New Wireless Reading Device (Latest Generation): Kindle Store”.Amazon.Archived from the original on February 24, 2009.retrieveMarch 7, 2009.
31. ^ Sorrel,Charlie.”How To Strip DRM from Kindle E-Books andOthers”.Wired.com.Archived from the original on March 16, 2014.retrieveAugust 4, 2012.
32. ^ Wang,Ada.”How to Read EPUB on Kindle Paperwhite”.Epubor.com.Archived from the original on October 8,2020.retrieveSeptember 23, 2020.
33. ^ Kozlowski,Michael (April 30, 2022).”The Amazon Kindle will support EPUB in late 2022″.Good E Reader.Archived from the original on May 4 , 2022.retrieveMay 4 , 2022.
34. ^ “Help: Organizing Your Kindle Content on”.Amazon.Archived from the original on August 5, 2011.retrieveAugust 18 , 2011.
35. ^ “Help: Managing Your Kindle on”.Amazon.Archived from the original on August 10, 2011.retrieveAugust 18 , 2011.
36. ^ Butler ,Kenneth ( September 28 , 2011 ) .” video : Amazon Kindle Touch ‘s x – Ray Reference Tool is Makes make eReading easy ” .laptopmag.com.archived from the original on May 17 , 2013.retrieveSeptember 5 , 2013.
37. ^ ” Kindle User Guide “(PDF).Archived (PDF) from the original on February 6, 2009.retrieveFebruary 7, 2009.
38. ^ Larry Dignan,ZDNet.”Amazon launches Kindle textbook rentals .” July 18, 2011.retrieveJuly 18, 2011.
39. ^ “Amazon Kindle Terms of Use”.amazon.com.September 6, 2012.Archived from the original on February 28,2018.retrieveSeptember 8, 2013.
40. ^ Cohn,Cindy (November 29, 2012).”2010: E-Book Buyer’s Guide to E-Book Privacy”.Electronic Frontier Foundation.Archived from the original on October 18, 2014.retrieveDecember 8 , 2013.Stores last page read andmay store annotations,highlights,markings,etc.
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