Cloud radar observations of multi-scale variability of cloud vertical structure associated with Indian summer monsoon over a tropical location

Benedict JJ , Randall DA ( 2007 ) observe characteristic of the MJO relative to maximum rainfall . J Atmos Sci 64(7):2332–2354

article  

Google Scholar  

Brenguier JL, Wood R (2009) Observational strategies from the micro to mesoscale. In: Heintzenberg J, Charlson RJ (eds) Clouds in the perturbed climate system: their relationship to energy balance, atmospheric dynamics, and precipitation. MIT Press, Cambridge, pp 487–510

Chapter 

Google Scholar  

Choudhury AD , Krishnan R , Ramarao MVS , Vellore R , Singh M , Mapes B ( 2018 ) A phenomenological paradigm for midtropospheric cyclogenesis in the indian summer monsoon . J Atmos Sci 75(9):2931–2954

article  

Google Scholar  

Cui Z , Carslaw KS , Blyth AM ( 2011 ) The couple effect of mid – tropospheric moisture and aerosol abundance on deep convective cloud dynamic and microphysic . Atmosphere 2(3):222–241

article  

Google Scholar  

Del Genio AD, Chen Y, Kim D, Yao MS (2012) The MJO transition from shallow to deep convection in CloudSat/CALIPSO data and GISS GCM simulations. J Clim 25(11):3755–3770

article  

Google Scholar  

Devasthale A, Fueglistaler S (2010) A climatological perspective of deep convection penetrating the TTL during the Indian summer monsoon from the AVHRR and MODIS instruments. Atmos Chem Phys. https://doi.org/10.5194/Acp-10-4573-2010

article  

Google Scholar  

Devasthale A, Grassl H (2009) A daytime climatological distribution of high opaque ice cloud classes over the Indian summer monsoon region observed from 25-year AVHRR data. Atmos Chem Phys 9:4185–4196

article  

Google Scholar  

Dutta U, Chaudhari HS, Hazra A, Pokhrel S, Saha SK, Veeranjaneyulu C (2020) Role of convective and microphysical processes on the simulation of monsoon intraseasonal oscillation. Clim Dyn 55:2377–2403

article  

Google Scholar  

Francis PA , Gadgil S ( 2006 ) intense rainfall event over the west coast of India . Meteorol Atmos Phys 94(1–4):27–42

article  

Google Scholar  

Gadgil S (2003) The Indian monsoon and its variability. Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci 31(1):429–467

article  

Google Scholar  

Gao W , Sui CH , Hu Z ( 2014 ) A study of macrophysical and microphysical property of warm cloud over the Northern Hemisphere using CloudSat / CALIPSO datum . J Geophys Res Atmos 119(6):3268–3280

article  

Google Scholar  

Goswami BN ( 2005 ) south asian monsoon . In intraseasonal variability in the atmosphere – ocean climate system . Springer , Berlin , pp 19–61

Book 

Google Scholar  

Gunn R, Kinzer GD (1949) The terminal velocity of fall for water droplets in stagnant air. J Meteor 6(4):243–248

article  

Google Scholar  

Johnson RH, Rickenbach TM, Rutledge SA, Ciesielski PE, Schubert WH (1999) Trimodal characteristics of tropical convection. J Clim 12:2397

article  

Google Scholar  

Kakatkar R, Gnanaseelan C, Chowdary JS, Parekh A, Deepa JS (2018) Indian summer monsoon rainfall variability during 2014 and 2015 and associated Indo-Pacific upper ocean temperature patterns. Theoret Appl Climatol 131(3–4):1235–1247

article  

Google Scholar  

Kalapureddy MCR, Sukanya P, Das SK, Deshpande SM, Pandithurai G, Pazamany AL, Annam S (2018) A simple biota removal algorithm for 35 GHz cloud radar measurements. Atmos Meas Tech. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-1417-2018

article  

Google Scholar  

kaspr ( 2012 ) calibration technical document prepare by ProSensing Inc. , USA , ( 2012 )

Kemball-Cook SR, Weare BC (2001) The onset of convection in the Madden–Julian oscillation. J Clim 14(5):780–793

article  

Google Scholar  

Khouider B, Biello J, Majda AJ (2010) A stochastic multi-cloud model for tropical convection. Commun Math Sci 8(1):187–216

article  

Google Scholar  

Kollias P, Clothiaux EE, Miller MA, Albrecht BA, Stephens GL, Ackerman TP (2007) Millimeter-wavelength radars: new frontier in atmospheric cloud and precipitation research. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 88:1608

article  

Google Scholar  

Krishnamurti TN , Bhalme HN ( 1976 ) oscillation of a monsoon system . Part I observational aspect . J Atmos Sci 33(10):1937–1954

article  

Google Scholar  

Krishnamurti TN, Thomas A, Simon A, Kumar V (2010) Desert air incursions, an overlooked aspect, for the dry spells of the Indian summer monsoon. J Atmos Sci 67(10):3423–3441

article  

Google Scholar  

Krishnan R, Zhang C, Sugi M (2000) Dynamics of breaks in the Indian summer monsoon. J Atmos Sci 57(9):1354–1372

article  

Google Scholar  

Liu C, Zipser EJ, Cecil DJ, Nesbitt SW, Sherwood S (2008) A cloud and precipitation feature database from nine years of TRMM observations. J Appl Meteorol Climatol 47(10):2712–2728

article  

Google Scholar  

Moncrieff MW , Waliser DE , Miller MJ , Shapiro MA , Asrar GR , Caughey J ( 2012 ) multiscale convective organization and the YOTC virtual global field campaign . Bull is Am Am Meteorol Soc 93(8):1171–1187

article  

Google Scholar  

Nair AKM , Rajeev K , Mishra MK , Thampi BV , parameswaran K ( 2012 ) Multiyear lidar observation of the descend nature of tropical cirrus cloud . J Geophys Res Atmos 117 : d18

Google Scholar  

Rajeevan M , Rohini P , Kumar KN , Srinivasan J , Unnikrishnan CK ( 2013 ) A study of vertical cloud structure of the indian summer monsoon using CloudSat datum . Clim Dyn 40(3–4):637–650

article  

Google Scholar  

Randall DA, Dazlich DA, Corsetti TG (1989) Interactions among radiation, convection, and large-scale dynamics in a general circulation model. J Atmos Sci 46(13):1943–1970

article  

Google Scholar  

Rao YP (1976) Southwest monsoon, meteorological monograph. India Meteorological Department, New Delhi, p 366

Google Scholar  

Romatschke U, Houze RA Jr (2011) Characteristics of precipitating convective systems in the South Asian monsoon. J Meteorol. https://doi.org/10.1175/2010jhm1289.1American

article  

Google Scholar  

Sassen K, Wang Z (2008) Classifying clouds around the globe with the CloudSat radar: 1-year of results. Geophys Res Lett. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007gl032591

article  

Google Scholar  

Sikka DR, Gadgil S (1980) On the maximum cloud zone and the ITCZ over Indian, longitudes during the southwest monsoon. Mon Weather Rev 108(11):1840–1853

article  

Google Scholar  

Slingo A , Slingo JM ( 1988 ) The response of a general circulation model to cloud longwave radiative forcing . I : introduction and initial experiment . Q J R Meteorol Soc 114(482):1027–1062

article  

Google Scholar  

Stephens GL ( 2005 ) Cloud feedback in the climate system : a critical review . J Clim 18(2):237–273

article  

Google Scholar  

Sukanya P, Kalapureddy MCR (2019) Cloud microphysical profile differences pertinent to monsoon phases: inferences from a cloud radar. Meteorol Atmos Phys 131(6):1723–1738. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-019-00666-9

article  

Google Scholar  

Tiedtke M (1989) A comprehensive mass flux scheme for cumulus parameterization for large scale models. American Meteorological Society, Boston

Book 

Google Scholar  

Utsav B, Deshpande SM, Das SK, Pandithurai G (2017) Statistical characteristics of convective clouds over the Western Ghats derived from weather radar observations. J Geophys Res: Atmos 122(18):10050–10076

article  

Google Scholar  

Utsav B, Deshpande SM, Das SK, Pandithurai G, Niyogi D (2019) Observed vertical structure of convection during dry and wet summer monsoon epochs over the Western Ghats. J Geophys Res Atmos 124(3):1352–1369

Google Scholar  

Wang J , Rossow WB , Zhang Y ( 2000 ) Cloud vertical structure and its variation from a 20 – year global rawinsonde dataset . J Clim 13(17):3041–3056

article  

Google Scholar  

Webster PJ, Magafia VO, Palmer TN, Shukla J, Tomas RA, Yanai M, Yasunari T (1998) Monsoons: processes, predictability, and the prospects for prediction. J Geophys Res 103(C7):14451–14510

article  

Google Scholar  

Wielicki BA , Cess RD , King MD , Randall DA , Harrison EF ( 1995 ) Mission to planet Earth role of cloud and radiation in climate . Bull is Am Am Meteorol Soc 76:2125

article  

Google Scholar