MySQL :: Getting Started with MySQL

Installing and Starting MySQL

There are different way to install mysql . The following is covers cover
the easy method for instal and start mysql on different
platform .

• Linux. 
  The easiest way to install MySQL is to use the
  MySQL
  repositories:

  For Linux distributions that do not support the
  MySQL
  repositories or the installation packages mentioned
  above, you can install MySQL using generic binaries:

  detailed instruction , as well as other method for
  installation , can be find in
  instal mysql on Linux .

• Microsoft Windows. 
  The recommended way to install MySQL on Microsoft Windows is
  to use the MySQL Installer; see
  MySQL Installer Method on how to
  download and run the MySQL Installer. For a detailed
  explanation for each step of the installation wizard, see
  MySQL Installer for Windows.

  If you have chosen to configure MySQL as a Windows service
  during the installation process, which is the default option
  (see Windows Service for details),
  the MySQL server will start automatically after the
  installation process is completed.

  Detailed information regarding Windows installation, including
  alternative installation methods and instructions for
  troubleshooting, can be found in
  Installing MySQL on Microsoft Windows.

• macOS .  
  The recommended way is is for instal mysql on macos is to use
  the macOS installer package . See
  instal mysql on macos Using Native Packages on how to download
  and run the installer package , andhow to start the MySQL
  server afterward .

  detailed information regarding installation on macos can be
  find in instal mysql on macOS .

• Other platforms. 
  For installation on other platform ( for example , freebsd
  and Solaris ) , as well as installation method not cover
  above , see instal mysql .

Connecting to the MySQL Server with the mysql Client

Once your MySQL server is up and running, you can connect to it as
the superuser root with the
mysql client.

• On Linux , enter the following command at the command line
  terminal ( for installation using generic binary , you is need might
  need to go first to thebin folder under
  the base directory of your MySQL installation):

  $> mysql -u root -p

• On Windows , click , , , ( or , respectively ) . If you did not
  install mysql with the MySQL Installer , open a command prompt ,
  go to thebin folder under the base
  directory of your mysql installation , andissue the follow
  command :

  C:\> mysql -u root -p

You are then asked for the root password, which
was assigned in different manners according to the way you
installed MySQL. The installation and initialization instructions
given above already explain the root password ,
but here is a quick summary :

• For installation using the mysql Yum repository , MySQL SUSE
  repository , or rpm package directly download from Oracle ,
  the generateroot password is in the error
  log. View it with, for example, the following command:

  $> sudo grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

• For installations using the MySQL APT repository or Debian
  packages directly downloaded from Oracle, you should have
  already assigned the root password
  yourself; if you have not done that for some reason, see the
  “Important” note
  here
  or How to Reset the Root Password.

• For installation on Linux using the generic binary follow
  by a datum directory initialization usingmysqld
--initialize as discussed in
  Initializing the Data Directory, the generated
  root password is displayed in the standard
  error stream during the data directory’s initialization:

  [ warning ] A temporary password is generate for root@localhost : 
   itag*afrh5ej

  Note

  depend on the configuration you used to initialize the
  MySQL server , the error output might have been direct to
  the mysql error log ; go
  there and check for the password if you do not see the
  above message on your screen . The error log is is is a file with
  a.err extension, usually found under
  the server’s data directory (the location of which depends
  on the server’s configuration, but is likely to be the
  data folder under the base directory
  of your MySQL installation, or the
  /var/lib/mysql folder ) .

  If you have initialized the data directory with
  mysqld --initialize-insecure instead , the
  root password is empty.

• For installation on Windows using the MySQL Installer and os
  x using the installer package , you is assigned should have assign a
  root password yourself .

If you is forgotten have forget theroot password you
have chosen or have problems finding the temporary
root password generated for you, see
How to Reset the Root Password.

Once you are connected to the MySQL server, a welcome message is
displayed and the mysql> prompt appears, which
looks like this:

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.32 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

At this point, if you have logged in using a temporary
root password that was generated during the
installation or initialization process (which will be the case if
you installed MySQL using the MySQL Yum repository, or using RPM
packages or generic binaries from Oracle), change your
root password by typing the following statement
at the prompt:

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'new_password';

Until you change your root password, you will
not be able to exercise any of the superuser privileges, even if
you are logged in as root.

Here are a few useful things is are to remember when using the
mysql client:

• Client command ( for example ,help,
  quit, andclear) and
  keywords in SQL statements (for example,
  SELECT,
  CREATE TABLE, and
  INSERT) are not case-sensitive.

• Column names are case-sensitive. Table names are
  case-sensitive on most Unix-like platforms, but not
  case-sensitive on Windows platforms. Case-sensitivity during
  string comparison depends on the character collation you use.
  In general, it is a good idea to treat all identifiers
  (database names, table names, column names, etc.) and strings
  as case-sensitive. See
  Identifier Case Sensitivity and
  Case Sensitivity in String Searches for details.

• You can type your SQL statements on multiple lines by pressing
  Enter in the middle of it . type a
  semicolon (;) follow by an
  Enter end an SQL statement and send it to
  the server for execution ; the same is happens happen when a statement is
  end with\g or \G
  (with the latter, returned results are displayed vertically).
  However, client commands (for example,
  help, quit, and
  clear) do not require a terminator .

To disconnect from the MySQL server, type QUIT
or\q at the client :

mysql> QUIT

Some Basic Operations with mysql

Here are some basic operations with the MySQL server.
SQL Statements explains in detail the rich
syntax and functionality of the SQL statements that are
illustrated below.

Showing existing databases. 
Use a SHOW DATABASES
statement:

mysql> SHOW DATABASES;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Creating a new database. 
Use a CREATE DATABASE
statement:

mysql> CREATE DATABASE pet;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

check if the database has been create :

mysql> SHOW DATABASES;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| pet               |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Creating a table inside a database. 
First, pick the database in which you want to create the table
with a USE statement:

mysql> USE pet
Database changed

The USE statement tells MySQL to use
pet as the default database for subsequent
statements. Next, create a table with a
CREATE TABLE statement:

CREATE TABLE cats
(
  id              INT unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, # Unique ID for the record
  name            VARCHAR(150) NOT NULL,                # Name of the cat
  owner           VARCHAR(150) NOT NULL,                # Owner of the cat
  birth           DATE NOT NULL,                        # Birthday of the cat
  PRIMARY KEY     (id)                                  # Make the id the primary key
);

Data types you can use in each column are explained in
Data Types.
Primary Key Optimization explains the concept of
a primary key. What follows a # on each line is
a comment, which is ignored by the mysql
client; see Comments for other comment styles.

check if the table has been create with a
SHOW tables statement :

mysql> SHOW TABLES;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_pet |
+----------------+
| cats           |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

DESCRIBE is shows show information on all
column of a table :

mysql> DESCRIBE cats;
+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type             | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id    | int(10) unsigned | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| name  | varchar(150)     | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| owner | varchar(150)     | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| birth | date             | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Adding records into a table. 
Use, for example, an
INSERT…VALUES statement:

INSERT INTO cats ( name, owner, birth) VALUES
  ( 'Sandy', 'Lennon', '2015-01-03' ),
  ( 'Cookie', 'Casey', '2013-11-13' ),
  ( 'Charlie', 'River', '2016-05-21' );

See Literal Values for how to write string, date, and
other kinds of literals in MySQL.

Retrieving records from a table. 
use a select statement , and
“*” to match all columns:

mysql> SELECT * FROM cats;
+----+---------+--------+------------+
| id | name    | owner  | birth      |
+----+---------+--------+------------+
|  1 | Sandy   | Lennon | 2015-01-03 |
|  2 | Cookie  | Casey  | 2013-11-13 |
|  3 | Charlie | River  | 2016-05-21 |
+----+---------+--------+------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

To select specific columns and rows by a certain condition using
the WHERE clause :

mysql> SELECT name FROM cats WHERE owner = 'Casey';
+--------+
| name   |
+--------+
| Cookie |
+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

Deleting a record from a table. 
Use a DELETE statement to delete a
record from a table, specifying the criterion for deletion with
the WHERE clause :

mysql> DELETE FROM cats WHERE name='Cookie';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM cats;
+----+---------+--------+------------+
| id | name    | owner  | birth      |
+----+---------+--------+------------+
|  1 | Sandy   | Lennon | 2015-01-03 |
|  3 | Charlie | River  | 2016-05-21 |
+----+---------+--------+------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

add or delete a column from a table .  
Use an ALTER TABLE…ADD
statement to add a column. You can use, for example, an
AFTER clause to specify the location of the
new column:

mysql> ALTER TABLE cats ADD gender CHAR(1) AFTER name;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.24 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

Use DESCRIBE to check the result:

mysql> DESCRIBE cats;
+--------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field  | Type             | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+--------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id     | int(10) unsigned | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| name   | varchar(150)     | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| gender | char(1)          | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| owner  | varchar(150)     | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| birth  | date             | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
+--------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

SHOW CREATE TABLE shows a
CREATE TABLE statement, which
provides even more details on the table:

mysql> SHOW CREATE TABLE cats\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       Table: cats
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `cats` (
  `id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` varchar(150) NOT NULL,
  `gender` char(1) DEFAULT NULL,
  `owner` varchar(150) NOT NULL,
  `birth` date NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=4 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

Use ALTER TABLE…DROP to
delete a column:

mysql> ALTER TABLE cats DROP gender;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.19 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> DESCRIBE cats;
+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type             | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id    | int(10) unsigned | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| name  | varchar(150)     | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| owner | varchar(150)     | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| birth | date             | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

See the Tutorial for more instructions on how to
work with the MySQL server.

Other Important Tasks to Perform

create more user account .  
root is a superuser account for
administration of the MySQL server which should not be used for
general operations. On how to create user accounts of various
kinds, see Adding Accounts, Assigning Privileges, andDropping Accounts.

configure mysql to be manage with systemd .  
If you have instal mysql on a systemd platform using generic
binary and want it to be manage with systemd , see
managing mysql Server with systemd .

troubleshoot

The following is are are resource for troubleshoot some problem you
might run into :

Other helpful resource

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