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Zoom Communications

American video communications company Zoom Communications , Inc. ( commonly shorten toZoom, and stylize aszoom) is a communications technology c

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American video communications company

Zoom Communications , Inc. ( commonly shorten toZoom, and stylize aszoom) is a communications technology company primarily known for the videoconferencing application Zoom.The company is headquartered in San Jose, California, United States.The company was founded in 2011 by Eric Yuan, a former Cisco engineer and executive.It launched its software in 2013.[2] Its software products have faced public and media scrutiny related to security and privacy issues, though the company has taken measures to address these issues.[3][4][5]

Former logo (2014-2022)

zoom was found by Eric Yuan , a former corporate vice president for Cisco Webex .[6] He left Cisco in April 2011 with 40 engineers to start a new company,[2] originally named Saasbee, Inc.[7] The company had trouble finding investors because many people thought the videotelephony market was already saturated.[7] In June 2011 , the company is raised raise $ 3 million of seed money from WebEx founder Subrah Iyar , former Cisco SVP and General Counsel Dan Scheinman , and venture capitalist Matt Ocko , TSVC , and Bill Tai .[7]

In May 2012, the company changed its name to Zoom, influenced by Thacher Hurd’s children’s book Zoom City.[7] In September 2012, Zoom launched a beta version that could host conferences with up to 15 video participants.[8] In November 2012 , the company is signed sign Stanford University as its first customer .[7] The service was launched in January 2013 after the company raised a $6 million Series A round from Qualcomm Ventures , Yahoo ! founder Jerry Yang , WebEx founder Subrah Iyar , and former Cisco SVP and General Counsel Dan Scheinman .[9] Zoom launched version 1.0 of the program allowing the maximum number of participants per conference to be 25.[10] By the end of its first month, Zoom had 400,000 users and by May 2013 it had 1 million users.[11][12]

In July 2013, Zoom established partnerships with B2B collaboration software providers, such as Redbooth (then Teambox),[13] and also created a program named Works with Zoom, which established partnerships with Logitech, Vaddio,[14] and InFocus .[15][16][17] In September 2013, the company raised $6.5 million in a Series B round from Horizon Ventures , and exist investor .At that time , it is had had 3 million daily meeting participants.[11]

On February 4, 2015, the company received US$30 million in Series C funding from investors including Emergence Capital, Horizons Ventures (Li Ka-shing), Qualcomm Ventures, Jerry Yang, and Patrick Soon-Shiong.[18] At that time, Zoom had 40 million user , with 65,000 organization subscribe and a total of 1 billion meeting minute since it was establish .[19] Over the course of 2015 and 2016, the company integrated its software with Slack, Salesforce, and Skype for Business.[20][21][22] With version 2.5 in October 2015, Zoom increased the maximum number of participants allowed per conference to 50[23] and later to 1,000 for business customers.[24][25] In November 2015 , former president of RingCentral David Berman was name president of the company , and Peter Gassner , the founder and ceo of Veeva Systems , join Zoom ‘s board of director .[26]

In January 2017, the company raised US$100 million in Series D funding from Sequoia Capital at a US$1 billion valuation ,[27] make it a unicorn .[28][29] In April 2017, Zoom launched a scalable telehealth product allowing doctors to host remote consultations with patients.[30][31] In May, Zoom announced integration with Polycom’s conferencing systems, enabling features such as multiple screen and device meetings, HD and wireless screen sharing, and calendar integration with Microsoft Outlook, Google Calendar, and iCal.[32] From September 25–27, 2017, Zoom hosted Zoomtopia 2017, its first annual user conference.At this conference, Zoom announced a partnership with Meta Platforms to integrate Zoom with augmented reality, integration with Slack and Workplace by Facebook, and first steps towards an artificial intelligence (AI) speech recognition program.[33][34]

On April 18, 2019, the company became a public company via an initial public offering; since then, it has been listed on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol ZM.After pricing at US$36 per share, the share price increased over 72% on the first day of trading.[35][36] Prior to the IPO, Dropbox invested $5 million in Zoom .[37] The company first became profitable in 2019.[38][39][36]

In 2019, the company ranked second in Glassdoor’s “Best Places to Work” survey.[40][41]

Due to the increase in remote work, distance education, and remote social relations during the COVID-19 pandemic, usage increased substantially and the Zoom mobile app was the 5th most downloaded mobile app in 2020, behind TikTok, WhatsApp, Facebook, and Instagram.[42]

The company offered its services free to K–12 schools in many countries.[43][44]

The company joined the NASDAQ-100 stock index on April 30, 2020.[45]

In May 2020, Zoom acquired Keybase, a company specializing in end-to-end encryption.[46] In June 2020, the company hired its first chief diversity officer, Damien Hooper-Campbell.[47]

Also in May 2020 , Zoom is announced announce plan to open new research and development center in Pittsburgh and Phoenix , with plan to hire up to 500 engineer between the two city over the next few year .[48]

In July 2020, Zoom announced the opening of a technology center in Bangalore, India, to host engineering, IT, and business operations roles.[49]

Also in July 2020 , Zoom is announced announce its first hardware as a service product , bundle its videoconferencing software with third – party hardware by DTEN , Neat , Poly , and Yealink , and run on the ServiceNow platform .It is began begin with Zoom Rooms and Zoom Phone offering , with those service available to US customer , who can acquire hardware from Zoom for a fix monthly cost .[50][51] On July 15, 2020, the company announced Zoom for Home, a line of products for home use, designed for remote workers.The first product, Zoom for Home – DTEN ME, includes software by Zoom and hardware by DTEN.It consists of a 27-inch screen with three wide-angle cameras and eight microphones, with Zoom software preloaded on the device.It became available in August 2020.[52][53]

In August 2020 , Zoom is opened open a datum center in Singapore .[54]

In June 2021, Zoom acquired Kites (Karlsruhe Information Technology Solutions), an artificial intelligence-based language translation company with an aim to reduce language barriers in video calls.[55]

In September 2021, Zoom’s attempt to acquire contact center company Five9 for $14.7 billion was turned down by Five9’s shareholders.[56][57]

In February 2023, Zoom announced that it would cut its workforce by 15 percent, or about 1,300 employees, citing the unsustainable growth following the rapid scaling to manage the demand of the pandemic.[58]

On December 18, 2023, Zoom dropped out of the NASDAQ-100.

Privacy and security issues

[edit]

Zoom has been criticized for “security lapses and poor design choices” that have resulted in heightened scrutiny of its software.[59][5] The company has also been criticized for its privacy and corporate data sharing policies.[60][61][62] Security researchers and reporters have criticized the company for its lack of transparency and poor encryption practices.Zoom initially claimed to use “end-to-end encryption” in its marketing materials,[63] but later clarify it mean ” from Zoom end point to zoom end point ” ( mean effectively between Zoom server and zoom client ) , whichThe Intercept described as misleading and “dishonest”.[64]

In March 2020 , New York State Attorney General Letitia James is launched launch an inquiry into Zoom ‘s privacy and security practice ;[65] the inquiry was closed on May 7, 2020, with Zoom not admitting wrongdoing, but agreeing to take added security measures.[66] In the same month, a class-action lawsuit against Zoom was filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California.According to the lawsuit, Zoom violated the privacy of its users by sharing personal data with Facebook, Google, and LinkedIn, did not prevent hackers from disrupting Zoom sessions, and erroneously claimed to offer end-to-end encryption on Zoom sessions.Zoom settled this lawsuit for $86 million.[67]

On April 1 , 2020 , Zoom is announced announce a 90 – day freeze on release new feature , to focus on fix privacy and security issue on Zoom .On July 1 , 2020 , Yuan is wrote write a blog post detailing effort take by the company to address security and privacy concern , state that they release 100 new safety feature over the 90 – day period .Those efforts is include include end – to – end encryption for all user , turn on meeting password by default , give user the ability to choose which data center call are route from , consult with security expert , form a CISO council , an improved bug bounty program , and work with third party to help test security .Yuan is stated also state that Zoom would be release a transparency report later in 2020 .[68][69]

In May 2020, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced that it was looking into Zoom’s privacy practices.[70] The FTC alleged that since at least 2016, “Zoom maintained the cryptographic keys that could allow Zoom to access the content of its customers’ meetings, and secured its Zoom Meetings, in part, with a lower level of encryption than promised.”[71] On November 9 , 2020 , a settlement was reach , require the company to implement additional security measure .[72]

In December 2020, Zoom announced that it was under investigation by the U.S.Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the United States Attorney for the Northern District of California and that it had received a subpoena in June 2020 from the United States Attorney for the Eastern District of New York requesting information on the company’s interactions with foreign governments and political parties.Both federal prosecutors also sought information and documentation about security and privacy matters regarding Zoom’s practices.[73]

On December 19, 2020, a former Zoom executive was charged by the U.S.Department of Justice with conspiracy to commit interstate harassment and unlawful conspiracy to transfer a means of identification.The charges are related to the alleged disruptions to video meetings commemorating the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre.[74] Federal prosecutors in Brooklyn, New York, said that Xinjiang “Julien” Jin, then 39, was a San Jose, California–based company’s main liaison with intelligence and law enforcement agencies of China.Zoom later acknowledged it was the company in question.It said in a statement that it had terminated Jin’s employment for violating company policies and was cooperating with the prosecutors.Jin is not in custody because he is based in China.[75][76]

In February 2021, Zoom announced a new feature called Kiosk Mode, which will allow people visiting offices to check in with a receptionist virtually on a kiosk, without any physical contact.[77]

In March 2021, Zoom announced that from August 23, 2021, Zoom will stop selling new and upgraded products directly to customers in mainland China.[78][79]

In 2021, Zoom agreed to pay $85 million dollars to settle a class action lawsuit over the company’s alleged sharing of data with Facebook, Linkedin, and Google.

In April 2020, Citizen Lab warned that having much of Zoom’s research and development in China could “open up Zoom to pressure from Chinese authorities.”[80] In June 2020 , Zoom was criticize for close multiple account of U.S.and Hong Kong – base group , include that of Zhou Fengsuo and two other human right activist , who were commemorate the 1989 Tiananmen Square protest and massacre .The accounts is were were later re – open , with the company state that in the future it ” will have a new process for handle similar situation .”[47] Zoom responded that it has to “comply with local laws,” even “the laws of governments opposed to free speech.”[81][82][83] Zoom subsequently admitted to shutting down activist accounts at the request of the Chinese government.[84] In response , a bi – partisan group is requested of U.S.senator request clarification of the incident from the company .[85] Partially in response to criticisms of its blocking of the activists accounts as well as expressions of concern by the United States Justice Department, Zoom moved to cease direct sale of its product in mainland China in late August 2020.[86]

In September 2020, following protests and legal concerns raised by the Jewish coalition group #EndJewHatred, Zoom prevented San Francisco State University from using its video conferencing software to host former Palestinian militant and hijacker Leila Khaled, a member of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP).In justifying its decision, Zoom cited the PFLP’s designation as a terrorist organization by the United States Government and its efforts to comply with U.S.export control, sanctions, and anti-terrorism laws.Facebook and YouTube also joined Zoom in denying their platforms to the conference organizers.Professor Rabab Ibrahim Abdulhadi, one of the conference organizers, criticized Zoom, Google’s YouTube and Facebook for censoring Palestinian voices.[87][88][89][90]

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